Hermetic rotary-reciprocating compressor unit



April 29, 1941. s. A. LIMFERT arm, 2,239,723

HBRMETIC ROTARY-RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR UNIT Filed June 8, 1938 3Sheets-Sheet 1 I an ATTORNEY,

April 29, 1941. s. A. LIMPERT ETAL 2,239,723

HERMETIC ROTARY-QECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR UNIT- Fm June a, 19:58 aSheets-Sheet. 2

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I I I I I I a will! ATTORNEY.

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Apz il 29, 1941.

s. A. LIMPERT arm, 2,239,723 HERMETI'C ROTARY-RECIIF'ROCATING COMPRESSORmm" Filed June a, 1938 3Sheets-Sheat 3 74 21, ATTORNEY.

Patented Apr. 29, 1941 HERMETIC ROTARY-BECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR UNITSylvester AfLimpert and Alexander S. ldmpert, Bay Shore, N. Y.

Application June 8, 1938, Serial No. 212,486

19 Claims. (01. 230-175) This invention relates to mechanism for pumpinggases and liquids and has for its particular objects the provision of acompact, cheap and unusually efficient mechanism of that type whereinthe movable parts are hermetically sealed within a housing and operateon the planetaryreciprocating principle whereby it is possible torealize the essential advantages possessed by both the rotary andreciprocating types of compressors without certain of theirdisadvantages.

In the accompanying drawings in which we have illustrated certainpreferred embodiments of our invention- Figure 1 is a central, verticalsection of a compressor unit embodying our invention and more especiallydesigned for refrigeration purposes;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view, partly broken away of the bearingsupport-plate;

Fi 3 is abottom plan view of the locking nut which is secured to thebottom of the rotor shaft and which serves as an oil circulatory means;

'Fig. 4 is a vertical, central, longitudinal section of a hermetic, twincompressor utilizing our planetary, reciprocating principle ofoperation;

Fig. 5 is a central, vertical section of a modiflcation wherein thepiston is stationary and the cylinder both rotates and reciprocatesthereon; Fig. 6 is a central vertical section of a'compressor unit ofthe general type shown in Fig. 1

but constructed so as to simultaneously maintain a plurality ofdiflerent pressures (absolute) in a closed circulatory system. c

Referring to the drawings and the construction shown therein, thereference numeral I designates the body of the shell or housing of acompressor as especially adapted for refrigeration purposes, the samehaving a hollow bottom cap or base plate 2 and a cover plate or headl-r'espectively bolted to the bottom and top of said housing inhermetically sealed relation therewith so as to form a hermeticenclosure for the moving posts l2 which project through the body I ofthe shell permit of the coils of the motor 1 being connected to asuitable external source of electricity, said posts being inhermetically sealed relation with and insulated from said shell,

A ball and socket connection comprising a centrally apertured ball l5and socket member l6 which is bolted to the rotor and whose top surfaceis of spherical curvature to conform to that of said ball serves, ashereinafter described, to flexibly connect the crank of the compressorwith said rotor of the motor thereby admitting of the simultaneousreciprocation and rotation of said piston upon rotation of the rotor.Said ball is maintained in its socket by means of an adjustable cupmember ll that is provided with an upwardly projecting retaining pin l8that is adapted to project in a bottom recess in an adjusting screw itwhich latter is threaded into the bracketlike top of the member I6 andadapted to be locked in any adjusted position by a lock nut 20.Interposed between said bottom of the screw l9 and said cup member I! isa cupped disc spring 2| which latter -"is centrally-apertured to receivethe aforesaid boss I8.

A crank arm or pin 26, which is of cylindrical configuration and of asize to have a snug sliding fit ,within the cylindrical bore of the ballI5, is rigidly threaded into the lower end of a piston member 21 that isadapted to both longitudinally reciprocate and also rotate within astationary cylinder member 28 carried on a bracket 29 and which latteris bolted to the body I of the shell.

The cylinder has a flanged head '30 which serves as a seat or anchoragefor the bolts by which a sealing washer SI and a cap 32 are secured toable parts of the compressor mechanism. Said compressor is mounted on asuitable supporting frame 4 to which it is securely bolted. The body Ihas an apertured central boss 6 formed thereon which serves to receive aflanged bushing I, in which a shaft 8 is mounted. The reference numeral9 designates a flanged flxed sleeve which is carried by .the rotor IIIof a typical electric motor having stationary field coils H, such as isused in the hermetic type of-refrigeration compressors and saidsleeve isin turn keyed to the shaft 6- so as to be relatively non-rotatable withrespect thereto but to admit of removal or adjustment oi the shaft withrespect thereto. Bindsaid cylinder. The said washer 3| has an aperture33 which is adapted to register with a port 33' in the flanged head 30and the latter communicates with an exhaust conduit 84 which projectsthrough the shell I and is provided with a nipple 347 which serves toconnect the same with the high pressure side of a closed circulatorysystem, such for example as a refrigerant coil of an electricrefrigerator. Said cylinder has a lateral apertured boss 35 whose boreis connected to an inlet conduit 36 which preferably extends to a pointin proximity with the top of the head 3 whereby a minimum amount of oilis A fitting 86' which is threaded into a tapped aperture in the wall ofthe shell serves to supply refrigerant fluid to the interior of theshell from which it is drawn into the cylinder 28 through intake conduit85 during the suction stroke of the compressor,

The shaft 8 which is supported on a ball bearing, hereinafter described,is retained in a predetermined adjusted position by a flanged washer 45that is threaded onto the lower end of said shaft and seats against thelower face of the terminal flange on bushing 1. The lower face of theunit 45 is provided with radial grooves 45, preferably of semi-circularcross-section, whereby, as hereinafter described, said washer. 45 alsofunctions as an impeller to forcibly project oil through said groovesduring rotation of the shaft 8. A circular plate 41, which is bolted tothe central boss 6, is provided with a series of radial ducts 48 thatare in communication through their inner terminal ports 48' with the'space in which said washer 45 rotates. A screw 58 is threaded into atapped central aperture in said plate 41 and is adapted to be locked inany desired adjusted position by a nut A cup member 52, having adepending central pin 58, which projects into a recess formed in the topof said screw, serves as a suppo for a ball bearing 54 which is mountedin a 1. 10m recess formed in the shaft 8.

The curvature of the top surface of said cup member 52 and of the lowerend of the shaft 8 which are in contact with the ball bearing 54,conform to that of the ball bearing engaged thereby.

Upon the rotation of the shaft 8., which is efiected by closing thecircuit through the motor, the nut 45 will function as an impeller anddraw oil from the well 60 inwardly through ducts 48 and the ports 48' tothe space below said nut 45, and thence said 011 will be forciblyprojected outwardly along the grooves 46 to ducts SI, 82 and 63 wherebyall of the moving parts of the compressor will be effectivelylubricated, the oil returning by gravity through the port 54 to the well60. v

Preferably a counter-weight 65 is secured by bolts 66 to the rotor tobalance the same.

In the twin compressor illustrated in Fig. 4 wherein the sameplanetary-reciprocating principle of operation is utilized, twincompressors are respectively mounted in opposite ends of a tubularhousing II which is hermetically sealed at each end by heads 12 and 18respectively, the same being supported on feet 14. A spacing ring isshrunk into the central portion of the shell 1| and the same has atongue and groove connection with and serves to support opposingbearlug-brackets 15, which are bolted together, in which the shaft 11 isrotatably mounted in hub members formed in these brackets. Oil-ductswhich are provided in brackets 18 admit oil to the space betweenthebrackets. The rotor 18 of the motor is fixed to the shaft and rotatestherewith and the stationary field coils 18 are rigidly snugly fittedinto and supported by said ring 15. The binding posts 88 extend throughthe wall of the housing II, the same being hermetically sealed thereinand insulated therefrom in the well known manner. Opposing plates 85,which are locked to the opposite ends oi shaft I1, serve as supports forthe brackets 88 in which the ball element II of the universal or balland socket joint, is mounted. The cup 81 corresponds to the cup elementI1 shown in Fig. 1.

Dasher elements 88 serve to splash lubricatingoil throughout the housingand over all the moving parts of the compressors during the operation ofthe twin compressors which preferably are mounted in tandem and arrangedto operat in sequence, though if desired the same may be opposed so asto simultaneously compress and simultaneously exhaust-the refrigerantfluid.

The members 18 have arcuate extensions 88 projecting outwardly therefromwhich serve as supports for the cylinder-supporting brackets 28.

. Fittings 8| and 82 which are threaded into tapped apertures of theshell 1| serve to respectively connect the compressor with thehigh-pressure and low-pressure sides of a closed'circulatory system ofan electric refrigerator, for example, in the well known manner.

In the construction illustrated in Fig. 5, wherein-the cylinder isadapted to rotate and reciprocate on a stationary piston, the referencenumeral I00 designates a tubular casing which is hermetically sealed ateach end by headers IOI and I02. A cylindrical motor support I08 havinga central boss which serves to support the piston element, ashereinafter described, is shrunk into said shell. The boss has a centralconduit I04 which is in communication with a. conduit I05 that serves todischarge-fluid under pressure delivered by the compressor to thehighpressure side of a closed circulatory system, as for example that ofan electric refrigerator. A fitting I06 serves to admit fluid from thelowpressure side of such a system into the interior of the shell I00.Field coils III of an electric motor are rigidly mounted in the motorsupport I03 and binding posts II2 which are hermetically sealed to andinsulated from the shell I00 serve to connect the motor coils to anexternal source of electricity in the well known manner.

' The socket member I I8 is similar to the socket member I0 shown inFig. 1. The piston H5 is provided with a bottom flange H8 and is rigidlybut eccentrically secured to the central boss of the motor support. I08.A cylinder III is slidably and rotatably mounted on said piston and thecrank arm '8 is rigidly connected to the cylinder, the said armextending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. Thepiston has a central bore a which extends completely therethrough andregisters with the duct I04 with which it is in permanent communication.Check valves of well known construction are respectively mounted in therecess II8 formed in the end of the piston and in the recess I20 that isformed in the cylinder head and which control the admission anddischarge of fluid during the operation of the compressor. This valvearrangement is generally similar to that disclosed in our copendihgapplication No. 32,868, filed July 24, 1935, of which this applicationis a continuation in part.

In Fig. 6 wherein the compressor is adapted to maintain a plurality ofdifferent pressures (absolute) in a closed circulatory system,-thecompressor construction is essentially the same as that disclosed inFig. l. with the exception that the cylinder wall has two grooves I88and I88 which are separated by a dam I40 whose top surface lies flushwith and constitutes a continuation of the inner surface of the cylinderwall and the groove I88 intersects a port I in the cylinder wall whichis in permanent communication with an intake conduit I42 and also thenipple I42 which latter is connected with a low temperature or lowpressure (absolute) freezing unit of the refrigerator while the grooveI38 intersects a port I43 in the cylinder wall which is in permanentcommunication with a second intake conduit I and nipple 36' which latterconnect with the main or higher temperature and higher pressure(absolute) or evaporator unit of the refrigerator. 7

The nipple 34 serves to connect thecommon exhaust conduit 34 with thehigh pressure side of the circulatory system in which both said freezingunit and the main cooling unit of the refrigeration system areinterposed.

In Fig. 6,. for convenience of illustration, the grooves I38 and I38,which extend along the same spiral as the long groove 38 in thecompressor shown in Fig. 1, are shown 90 removed from the position onthe wall of the cylinder of the groove 38 shown in Fig, 1, but therelation between the port 39 in the piston with respect to the lower endof the groove I38 is essentially the same as the relation of port 39shown in Fig. 1 to the lower end of the groove 38.

The operation of the compressor illustrated in Fig. 1 is as follows:

Assuming the fittings or nipples 34 and 36' are respectively connectedto the high-pressure side and low-pressure side of a closed circulatoryrefrigeration system and the circuit through the motor has been closedby the controlling switch, then the rotor of the motor will rotateanticlockwise (viewed from above) and the piston 21 will rotate spirallyupward in the direction indicated by the arrow within the cylinder.During the upward stroke of the piston the charge of refrigerant in thecylinder above the piston, which has been sucked in during the priorexhaust or down stroke of the piston, willbe compressed since the port39 is sealed by the cylinder wall throughout the upward stroke. Thecompressed gas will be forced through the valve opening in the top ofthe cylinder and pass through duct 33, conduit 34 and fitting 34' to thehigh-pressure side of the closed circulatory system ofthe refrigerator.On the down stroke of the piston the port 39 will be immediately movedinto registry with the manifold slot 38 in the cylinder wall and a freshcharge of refrigerant will be continually 'drawn in from thelow-pressure side of the closed circulatory system through the intakeconduit 38 and nipple 36' throughout substantially the entire downstroke of the piston, namely throughout the period the port 39 is inregistry with the port 38.

The cycle will then be'repeated until such time as the control switchopens the circuit of the motor. During the operation of the motor aforced circulation of lubricating oil over the moving parts and alsoover a considerable portion of the inner walls of housing will occurand, due to the fact that the housing is preferably air-cooledexternally by afan, the oil will not become deleteriously overheated andconsequently the moving parts which'are bathed in such oil will bemaintained at all times within safe temperature limits and optimumworking conditions can be realized. 'The compressor will at all times bevirtually noiseless and vibrationless during such operation due to theuniversal joint connection between the rotor of the motor'and thepiston,

also due to the effective lubrication of the moving parts and especiallybecause the piston, during its cork-screw or spiral movements in thecylinder, is continually in motionand there is no inertia of rest to beovercome at each reversal of the stroke as is inevitably the case when aconventional reciprocating compressor is employed.

The operation of the twin compressor illustrated in Fig. 4 isessentially the same as that of the single compressor just describedbut, as is apparent from the foregoing description, the

' compressors will operate in sequence, one of them effecting thecompression of a refrigerant charge previously drawn from thelow-pressure side of a closed circulatory system and discharging the temand then simultaneously draw in fresh charges of refrigerant, on thenext successive stroke of each piston, from the low-pressure side of thesystem.

The operation of the single cylinder compressor shown in Fig. 5 islikewise generally similar to that shown in Fig. '1 except that therotor of the motor being connected through the universal joint with thecylinder, instead of the piston, such cylinder will move spirally to andfro on the piston and, during the spiral up-stroke of the cylinder, thevalve controlling the inlet I29 will be seated and the charge ofrefrigerant within the cylinder compressed and forced through thecentral bore of the piston into the conduit I05 and thence to thehigh-pressure side of the closed circulatory system of the refrigerator.During the spiral down-stroke of the cylinder the valve controlling theterminal port of the bore of said cylinder, which valve is mounted inthe recess I I9, will close said port and the refrigerant will be drawnfrom the low-pressure side of the said closed circulatory system,through nipple I98, thence through intake port of the cylinder and intothe cylinder wherein it will -be compressed on the next stroke of thecylinder and so forth,

The operation of the binary single compressor shown in Fig. 6 is alsogenerally similar to that of the compressor shown in Fig. 1, except thatduring the portion of the spiral down-stroke of the piston that themanifold slot I38 is in communication with port I and intake conduitI42, refrigerantwill be drawn in frcm'the low side of the freezing unitor low temperature evaporator of the refrigerator and as the port Ipasses into communication with the lower slot I38, communication will becut off between said slot I38 and. said freezing unit and communicationwill" be established between the main cooling unit or high-pressure unitof the refrigerator and said slot I38 with the consequence that anadditional charge of gaseous refrigerant will be drawn into the cylinderfrom the main evaporator and the entire charge in the cylinder will beof the higher density that corresponds to the high-back-pressureexisting in the main evaporator, whereby the amount of gas moved by thecompressor per unit of time will be greatly increased as compared withthat moved by a compressor of the conventional type when hooked up witha sharp freezing unit wherein a relatively low temperature is maintainedand which serves the dual function of producing ice cubes when desiredand of cooL ing the food chamber.

Such binary compressor principle, whether employed in a single ormultiple unit compressor, is

intended for cooling the food chamber of the refrigerator and whichlatter can thereby be maintained with a minimum expenditure of energy atan optimum temperature of say-i5 F. Furthermore, by maintaining the maincooling unit at a minimum temperature of 33 F., the collection of froston the walls of the cooling unit will be prevented and excessivelowering of the humidity of the refrigerator will likewise be preventedor minimized.

Another important advantage of our so-called planetary-reciprocatingprinciple" described herein is that the cycle is reversible rendering itpossible simply by changing the position of the two ports on thecylinder and the employment of the ported valve principle disclosed inFig. 24 of the drawings of our aforesaid co-pending application in lieuof the check valve in the cylinder head as employed in the compressorshown in Fig. 6, to utilize an external source of fluid pressure andconvert the pressure into an engine which in turn drives the rotor andserves to convert it into a generator which is especially adapted forthe generation of electricity on a small scale such as is desired onfarms and in households in rural communities as well as for otherpurposes. 1

In the twin compressor construction illustrated in Fig. 4, an additionalfitting corresponding to the fitting 92 which is interposed between thetwo outlet fittings ll, may be mounted in the top of the shell for thepurpose of admitting low pressure fluid directly into the opposingcrankcase from that into which said fitting 92 admits fluid, but this is notessential since the two crank-cases of this twin compressor constructionare not hermetically sealed from each other, there being alwayssufllcient leakage around the bearings to admit of the pressures withinthese two crank cases being always automatically equalized, making dueallowance for the diilerenc'e due to the fact that the strokes of thetwo compressors alternate with respect to each other and therefore onewould be exhausting while the other would be compressing.

' While for refrigeration purposes it is particu-' larly desirable thatthe compressor and the motor be hermetically sealed within the housing,our rotary reciprocating type of compressor wherein one of the elementsis connected with the rotor of the moto; through a universal jointconnection, is adaptable for purposes wherein a hermeticallysealedhousing is not required, as for example for dental pumps, water pumpsand the like.

The expression plane of rotation of the rotor" as employed in certain ofthe claims has reference to a plane which is normal to the axis aboutwhich the rotor revolves, or in other words, which is normal to the axisof rotation of the rotor.

In the event it is desired to utilize the twin compressor illustrated-inFig. as a binary compressor, it is obvious that the inlet conduitleading to one of the cylinders can be carried through the wall of theshell the same as the conduit I42 shown in Fig. 8 and in such an event,during the operation ofthe compressor,- fluid can be admitted throughsuch conduit as so extended through 9,239,723 I I the shell from oneevaporator of a closed circu- I latory system, such as that of arefrigerator, for example, while fluid at a different pressure is beingadmitted through the intake fitting 82 into the chamber of the housingwhich surrounds the other compressor unit. In such event, as is apparentfrom the description of the operation of the compressor shown in Fig. 6,one-of such twin compressors will operate solely on high pressure fluid,say that obtained from an evaporator which may be employed to maintainthe food 7 chamber of the refrigerator at an optimum temperature and theother compressor will operate solely on low pressure fluid, say thatobtained from the cube .freezing unit of the refrigerator, thusrealizing the advantages above set forth which are obtained whenemploying the binaryrefrigerator oi the type disclosed in Fig. 6.

Various changes from the construction herein described may bemade'without departing from the spirit of our invention as embracedwithin the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is:

1. In a compressor unit, the combination comprising hermetically sealedhousing having a fluid chamber therein, co-operating piston and cylindercompressor elements mounted in said housing, means for affordingperiodic communication between said chamber and said cylinder during theoperationof the compressor, an electric motor, including'a rotor member,mounted in said housing, means, including a reciprocable slide memberfor loosely connecting one of said compressor elements to said rotorwhereby upon rotation of the latter said compressor element so connectedthereto is caused to simultaneously rotateand reciprocate with respectto said other compressor element.

'2. In a compressor, the combination compris ing an electric motor,including a rotor, a shaft fixed to the rotor, a compressor includingcooperatingpiston and cylinder elements, the axis of each of whichprojects at an angle to the plane of rotation of said rotor, meansincluding a reciprocable slide member, whereby rotation of said rotoreffects the simultaneous rotation and reciprocation of one of saidelements with respect to the other, valve controlled means for admittingfluid to said cylinder and delivering compressed fluid from saidcylinder during the respective exhaust and compression strokes of thecompressor, a stationary housing hermetically sealing said motor andsaid compressor elements and means for connecting said motor with anexternal source of electricity.

3. In a compressor unit, the combination comprising a hermeticallysealed housing, compressor elements including a piston and cylindermounted thereon, an electric motor, including a rotor, also mounted insaid housing, means including a crank arm and a universal joint forconnecting one of said compressor elements to said rotor and foreffecting simultaneous rotation and reciprocation of said compressorelements relative to each other.

4. In a twin compressor unit, the combination comprising an hermetically'sealed housing, an electric motor, including a rotor, mounted therein,a plurality of compressors, each having a cylinder element, and aco-operating piston element, mounted on opposite sides of said rotor,means, including a universal-joint connection and a separate crank, forconnecting one of the said elements of each compressor to said rotor insuch a manner that one of the elements in each of the compressors willboth rotate and reciprocate with respect to the other element in thesame compressor during rotation of said rotor, and means for supplyingfluid from an external source to each of said cylinders and fordischarging fluid under pressure externally of said housing.

5. In an hermetically sealed compressor, the combination comprising asealed housing having inlet and discharge connections, an electricmotor, including a rotor member, mounted in said housing, rotatably andreciprocally associated piston and cylinder elements, articulate meansincluding a reciprocable slide member for operatively connecting saidrotor with one of said piston and cylinder elements, whereby uponrotation of the rotor simultaneous reciprocation and rotation of thepiston and cylinder elements relative to each other is eflected, aninterrupted superflcial spiral groove on the inner wall of the cylinderand a port extending through both the side and head of piston element, aseparate intake duct connected to each portion of said groove adapted todeliver fluid thereto from an external closed circulatory system and acommon outlet adapted to deliver compressed fluid from said cylinder tosaid circulatory system.

6. In a binary compressor, the sub-combination comprising a stationarycylinder element and a piston element slidably mounted therein, a rotorelement, means for effecting spiral rotation of said piston within saidcylinder upon rotation of said rotor element, said cylinder having aninterrupted spiral groove on its inner wall and said piston having aduct extending through the head thereof and continuing downwardlythereinto and thence through its lateral wall at a point intermediatethe ends thereof, the lateral terminal port of said duct being sodisposed as to successively register with different. isolated portionsof said groove during the exhaust stroke of the piston element.

7. In a hermetic binary compressor, the subcombination comprising a.hermetically sealed housing having a plurality of fluid inlets and afluid outlet for connecting said housing to two diflerent sources offluid supply, an electric motor, including a rotor, mounted whollywithin said housing, co-operating piston and cylinder elements mountedin said housing, means for ef-- fecting spiral rotation of said pistonwithin said cylinder upon rotation and simultaneous reciprocation ofsaid rotor, and means including an interrupted spiral groove formed onsaid cylinder wall and a duct having a terminal port opening through thepiston head and the lateral wall of said piston for developing differentpressures in said sources of fluid supply upon rotation of said rotor.

8. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising piston and cylinderelements, one of which is mounted so as to remain stationary during theoperation of .the compressor and the other of which is movably mounted,a rotor member, means including a connecting rod and'a universal jointconnecting saidmovable element and said inder elements slidablyassociated with each other and the axis of each of which projects at anoblique angle to the axis of. the rotor and articulate means including areciprocable slide member connecting one of said elements .to said rotorand a housing enveloping all of the aforesaid elements and hermeticallysealing the same rotor and for effecting the simultaneous rotation andreciprocation of said movable element, and

' a housing enveloping all'of the aforesaid members and hermeticallysealing the same against the atmosphere.

9; In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a motor, including arotor, piston and cylagainst the atmosphere;

10. In a compressor, the sub-combination comprising a motor, including arotor, piston and cylinder elements slidably reciprocally and rotatablyassociated with each other, the axis of each of which projects at anangle to the plane of rotation of the rotor and means including areciprocable slide member operatively connecting one of said elements tosaid rotor and a housing, having an inlet for fluid and an outlet forfluid, enveloping all of the aforesaid members for hermetically sealingthe aforesaid elements and rotor against the atmosphere whencommunication between the atmosphere and such fluid inlet and fluidoutlet is cut ofl'.

11. In a hermetic binary compressor, the subcombination comprising ahermetically sealed housing having aplurality of fluid inlets and afluid outlet, an electric motor, including a rotor, mounted whollywithin'said housing, cooperating piston and cylinder elements mounted insaid housing, means for effecting spiral rotation of one of saidelements relative to the other upon rotation of said rotor and means,including a plurality of separated spiral surface grooves formed on atleast one of said elements and cooperating ports formed in the walls ofthe respective elements, for periodically connecting said cylinderelement to a different one of said two fluid inlets.

12. In a, compressor, the sub-combination comprising a motor, includinga rotor, piston and cylinder elements slidably associated with eachother so as to be capable of relative to and fro movement, the axis ofeach of which elements projects at an angle to the plane of rotation ofthe rotor, a universal joint connection operatively i connecting one ofsaid elements to the rotor ing the same against the atmosphere and inletand outlet conduits for connecting the cylinder element to a closedfluid circulatory system.

13. A mechanism comprising a rotor mounted for rotation about apredetermined axis, concentrically disposed piston and cylinder elementsextending at an angle to the plane ofrotation of the rotor, saidelements being both relatively reciprocabie and relatively rotatablewith respect to each other, means includinga member slidable at an anglewith respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor for operativelyconnecting one of said elements to said rotor whereby to constrain suchelement to rotate and reciprocate with respect to the other element uponthe rotation of said rotor, said piston constituting valve meansoperable during the relative rotation of said piston element withrespect to the cylinder element,

and said cylinder element having a plurality of ports individuallycontrolled by the piston element to periodically communicate with thecylinder element at different cylinder presssures.

14. In a binary compressor, the sub-combination comprising a rotor,cooperating piston and cylinder elements slidably associated with eachother so as to be capable of relativeto and fro movement with respect toeach other, the axis effected upon the rotation of said rotor, a plu-wrality of inlet ducts extending through the cylinder wall for admittingfluid under diiierent pressures and at diiierent times into the cylinderduring the operation of said compressor and valvular means including aplurality of separated spiral grooves and cooperating ports formed onsaid associated piston and cylinder elements for introducing fluid atdifferent pressures into the cylinder during diflerent portions of thestroke thereof.

15. In a device of the character described, the combination with a rotormounted for rotation on a predetermined axis, of piston and cylinderelements concentrically associated and both disposed at an angle to 'aplane that is normal to the axis about which such rotor revolves andwhich elements are provided with mountings upon which said elements arerelatively reciprocable and relatively rotatable, means for operativelyconnecting one of said elements to said rotor, whereby to constrain suchelement to rotate and reing one of the piston or cylinder elements ofeach compressor unit to said rotor.

18. In a binary compressor, the subcombination comprising a rotormember, a compressor including reciprocally and rotatably associatedcylinder and piston elements, articulate means for operativelyconnecting said rotor member to one of said compressor elements,including a reciprocable slide member, whereby upon rotation of theciprocate respecting the other of said elements upon the rotation ofsaid rotor, said piston including valve means operable upon the rotationof said piston element respecting said cylinder element, and saidcylinder element having a plurality of ports individually controlled bythe valve means of the piston element to periodically communicate withthe cylinder element at diil'erent cylinder pressures.

'16. In a binary compressor, the combination comprising a hermeticallysealed housing having a plurality of fluid inlet ducts and a fluidoutlet duct, cooperating concentrically associated piston and cylinderelements positioned in said housing the same being adapted to bothreciprocate and to rotate relative to each other during the operation ofthe compressor, means, including a rotor member for efiecting suchreciprocation and rotation oi. such elements relative to each a otherand valvular means for controlling said inlet conduits and forpreventing the simultaneous admission of fluid to both of said inletducts and to: periodically and successively admitting fluid intothe'cylinder from the respective inlet ducts to ailord communicationwith the cylinder at diiierent cylinder pressures.

17. In a twin compressor, the combination comprising an ,electric' motorincluding a rotor,

a plurality of compressor units mounted respectively on opposite sidesof said rotor, each comlatter simultaneous reciprocation and rotation ofthe piston and cylinder elements relative to each other is eiiected andmeans including separated spiral grooves formed on a su'ri'ace of one ofsaid compressor elements which has frictional engagement with thesurface of the other element during rotation of the rotor and alsoincluding cooperating ports extending through the walls or therespective piston and cylinder elements for periodically an'dsuccessively admitting fluid through a diflerent one of such groovesinto the cylinder at diiierent cylinder pressures during the rotation ofthe rotor.

19. In an hermetically sealed compressor, the combination comprising asealed housing having two inlet ducts and a discharge duct forpermitting the'passage oi fluid to and from said housing, an electricmotor including a rotor member mounted in said housing, slidablyassociated piston and cylinder elements mounted in said housing, one 01which is operatively connected to said rotor and adapted to rotatesynchronously therewith, two superficial separated spiral grooves formedon a wall of one of the piston and cylinder elements which irictionallyengages'a wall of the other during the operation or the compressor, twocooperating ports extending through the cylinder wall and respectivelycommunicating with said inlet ducts and at least one port extendingthrough both the side and head of the piston.

